Showing posts with label National Road. Show all posts
Showing posts with label National Road. Show all posts

2013-02-09

Montgomery county, Clay township, 1875

To the north: Miami county, unknown township
To the west: Preble county, unknown township
To the east: Montgomery county, Randolph township
To the south: Montgomery county, Perry township

Montgomery county, Butler township, 1875



To the north: Miami county, unknown township
To the west: Montgomery county, Randolph township
To the northeast: Miami county, Bethel township
To the southeast: Montgomery county, Wayne township
To the south: Montgomery county, Harrison township

Related posts:
http://bike-commute.blogspot.com/2013/02/ride-to-taylorsville-dam.html
Found: the National Road
Sunday before the Oscars 

Montgomery County, Randolph township, 1875

To the north: Miami county, unknown township
To the west: Montgomery county, Clay township
To the east: Montgomery county, Butler township
To the south: Montgomery county, Madison township

2012-06-01

The Ohnsat mysteries on the National Road

Catheritne Ohnsat-Bulthaup told me a family story that my great-grandfather John Robert Ohnsat took his family by Conestoga wagon from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Tipton, Kansas in 1877. Her story was not detailed. It did not tell why the family made the 1100-mile move, why Tipton was the chosen destination, nor how difficult was the trip.

The Ohnsat Family in the United States

John Robert Ohnsat (known in our family as Robert) was born 18 September, 1835 in what was then called Grüben, East Prussia, in the province of Silesia (Ostpreußen, Schlesien, Kreis Falkenberg; today named Graben, Niemodlin county, Opole province, Poland/Polskie). He was baptized in the Catholic church there two days later. At age 36, he emigrated with his brother Joseph, who was about 30. They both immigrated to the United States and lived in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from about 1872. It is possible other members of the family also emigrated, as the family name appears for a few years in the Detroit area.


Robert was identified as a butcher in the City Directories of Pittsburgh PA (in publications dated 1872-73, 1876-77, and 1877-78); he lived at 135 Nineteenth, East Birmingham in 1872.

Robert married Leopoldine Salinger (b. 29 May 1839, Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Breisach-Hochschwarzwald, Breisach am Rhein) on 26 November 1872 at St. Michael Catholic Church by Father Fredericus with witnesses Joseph Ohnsat and Jacob Müller. Leopoldine emigrated from Breisach am Rhein, Baden-Württemberg probably in the early 1870s, perhaps with her sister Anna Maria Josephine and brother Anton Hermann. A family anecdote says that she was a nurse in an insane asylum, and that the experience there was so harsh that she made her children promise neither to become nurses nor to allow their children to do so. Robert became a naturalized citizen on 7 February 1873 in the Court of Common Pleas, Pittsburgh, Allegheny county.

Two children were born in Pittsburgh: Frank Robert on 19 October 1873 and Louise Katherine on 2 December 1875. Around the time Louise Katherine was born, the family moved to 75 Seventeenth, S.S. —perhaps this is Shady Side—as reported in the 1876 city directory. Then, within the next year or so, they moved to Brownsville Road, Mt. Oliver, 27th ward, according to the 1877 city directory.

Sometime in 1877, when Robert was 42 and Leopoldina was 38, they resettled to Kansas. Their third child Bernard O. was born near Tipton Kansas in April 1878. Soon after their arrival, John Robert bought land in Bloom township, in the southeast corner of Osborne county, Kansas. The family is entered in the 1880 U.S. Federal Census of Osborne county, Kansas as the "Robert Ohnsol" family that included Leopoldina (wife, age 31), Frank (son, 6), Louiza (daughter 4), and Barney (son, 2).

The gently rolling, rocky land is more suited to cattle grazing than crop farming. Robert died on the ranch as a result of being kicked by a horse, four days short of his 62nd birthday, in 1897. His widow Leopoldine lived on the ranch for a short while and then lived with her daughter Louise, who had married a neighbor boy, John Michael Kohn. Her granddaughter Isabella Kohn (Sister Edna Louise) remembered Leopoldina's fretting that her children just wanted her land and her money. She died in 1919 from dropsy (probably a cerebral stroke) at age 80.

The brother who emigrated with Robert was Joseph Ohnsat (born 3 July 1842). He also lived in Pittsburgh and worked also as a butcher on Larimer Avenue near Broad Avenue. Joseph died in 1880, as a result of being struck by a metal piece that flew from a tanning factory he was walking by, leaving a wife Elisabeth and children Charles (age 6), Dorothea (5), and Catherine (1). The widowed Elizabeth married Matthew Elliott within a few years, and the children were adopted by him. Others have researched this line. Another brother Carl Anton (born 13 October 1844) may have emigrated to live in or near Detroit, Michigan; however, more research is needed to verify that he is the same person as the husband Charles Ohnsat to Helena Kauf and father of Mary Ohnsat-Bargo (1875-unknown), Annie H. Ohnsat-Priemer (1884-1920), Martha Ohnsat (1891-unknown), and Charles J Ohnsat (1893-1960). 

The National Road

The National Road was envisioned to provide a paved roadway from Washington DC first to Wheeling, West Virginia and then, with Congressional direction in 1825, to St. Louis, Missouri. The National Road construction continued from 1806 until 1839, up to Vandalia, Illinois, some 65 miles short of its planned terminus.

The road construction reached Wheeling WV in 1816, and construction in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois occurred roughly simultaneously. In Ohio, the completed road reached Columbus in 1833 and Springfield in 1838. Surveying in Indiana was being completed in 1827, construction was begun to the east and west from Indianapolis IN, and construction was completed in Richmond IN in 1834. The State of Indiana funded the completion of its part of the road through 1850. The Illinois segments were left as hardened clay, in part because of a lack of stone and for a greater part because of the cessation of federal funding.

The National Road.was most active from the 1830s to the 1860s. The traffic was especially heavy in the 1840s. "Stage coaches and freight wagons contended for running room with families traveling in Conestoga wagons, people walking, snappy carriages, hand drawn carts, hand pushed carts, and improvised vehicles beyond description." [Harry G. Black, Pictorial America: The National Road, 1984, HMB Publications, Hammond IN.]  Various sources estimate the speed of travel between 7 and 15 miles per day, depending on the mode of travel. The stage coach lines traveled as fast as 110 miles in a day. [Black cites a published schedule, "The Mail Pilot Line leaves Columbus for Wheeling daily at 6 a.m., reaching Zanesville at 1 p.m. and Wheeling at 6 a.m. next day, through in 24 hours, allowing five hours repose at St. Clairsville."] During this period, way stations, inns, taverns, hotels, and stage liveries enjoyed a great influence on local and interstate trade. Locals could often see as many as 20 coaches in a row on the road.

Following this active period, use of the National Road diminished with the rise of the railway systems. Rails were set to Wheeling from the east by 1853. [Norris F. Schneider, The National Road: Main Street of America, 1978, Ohio Historical Society, Columbus OH.] The Illinois Central line arrived in central Illinois near East Dubuque in 1855, and the transcontinental railway was authorized in 1862.[3] These two milestones indicate the quick growth of the railways that supplanted the National Road. By the 1870s, several train routes were laid from the eastern states into the plains states. However, most routes followed short-run schedules that required several train changes for a long interstate trip.

Little of the original National Road route is evident today, because the individual states turned their attentions elsewhere and the road fell into ever greater disrepair. Where I live in Dayton OH, some road remnants are visible but not celebrated. A small bridge exists in the Englewood Reserve park, an inclined stretch of road leads up from Taylorsville Reserve to Vandalia, a crossing of canal locks has earthworks remaining, and the ruins of bridge abutments are visible near the Great Miami River and Stillwater River.

By 1870, parts of the road had become little more than a country road in stretches. Beginning in 1925, federal funds were allocated for the building of U.S. Highway 40, which generally follows the path of the National Road. The surveying of the National Road was a solid foundation for the purposes of U.S. 40  Many bridges were replaced, earthworks were removed or expanded, and the filigree of the National Road was stripped away. From Washington PA through St. Louis MO, the 1960s routing of Interstate 70 followed the National Road, and the construction further obliterated remaining vestiges of the National Road.

Few of the hotels, inns, taverns, and stage houses still exist. I have begun to search for guest registers that might include the Ohnsat family. However, their supposed travel by Conestoga wagon—or, more likely, by the wagon called a "Prairie Schooner"—could have made such overnight accommodations unnecessary or infrequent.

Many questions arise about the family's resettling to Kansas, and these are the Ohnsat mysteries on the National Road.
  • Why did Robert decide to leave Pittsburgh in 1877, at age 42, when he was apparently well established as a butcher?
  • When exactly was the trip begun? Logically, it could have started in the Spring, or perhaps as late as September 1877, when Leopoldina might have known she was pregnant.
  • How did the family choose Tipton as their goal? Were advertisements published or books for sale in Pittsburgh that encouraged settlement in Tipton or Kansas in general? 
  • Were any tracts of land available along the path of the National Road in Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, or eastern Kansas?
  • Was land still available in Kansas from the federal Land Grant program?
  • Did Robert bring any cash that would allow him to set up his home and purchase land? 
  • Why did Robert decide to drive a wagon instead of using the railways? Rail travel was available through at least Abilene and west of Salina.
  • What was the cost in 1877 of a Conestoga wagon and team of horses or a Prairie Schooner and a team of oxen?
  • What would need to be packed for the trip by wagon? 
  • Would the wagon mean only occasional need to stop in an inn or hotel? Would there be need to stop for a mid-day meal, and to leave the evening meal at the time of stopping for the night, with breakfast before setting off the next morning?
  • What was the condition of the National Road in 1877-78? (Contemporary plat maps of Ohio and Indiana show that roads did exist from Wheeling WV through St. Louis. The contemporaneous plat maps for Indiana I have found so far are not detailed to parcel owners, but only to township divisions, and do not clearly indicate any road-worthiness of the route.)
  • What is revealed about the route by plat maps of detail for Indiana, and any type of maps for Illinois, Missouri, and eastern Kansas?
  • What was the time needed for the trip? I guess that easy routes could be traveled at 15 miles per day, or more on long days of summer. Unpaved roads likely were the rule in Missouri and Kansas, and average speed would be slower because of rains and ruts after the rains.
An interesting historical footnote is that the closest town to the Robert Ohnsat ranch is Tipton, Kansas. It lies about 10 miles to the northeast of the Ohnsat ranch, in the southwestern corner of Mitchell county and was originally named Pittsburgh. The name was chosen about 1871 because its founder was named Pitt, and the spelling of "burgh" was taken from the spelling of the Pennsylvania city. However, the name Pittsburg was already in use by another town in Kansas, some 120 miles to the southeast. In deference to clarity for the mail system, the town fathers decided to change the name to Tipton, although the town is still situated in Pittsburgh township.

© Thomas G. Kohn, 2013, revised 2014.05.08.

The Illinois leg from Terre Haute IN to St. Louis MO


This post is a stub entry, which is constantly being added to with raw research data. If a reader has further information or websites that may provide something, please leave a comment.

Several of my forebears resettled from eastern states to Kansas from about 1870 to 1885. One of them, the Robert Ohnsat family, produced a family anecdote that their journey was by "Conestoga wagon" in 1877. This post follows the likely journey westward through Illinois.

Previous post—the Indiana leg 

Illinois

The National Road in Illinois passes from east to west through Clark county, Cumberland county, Effingham county, and Fayette county, where the completed road ended in Vandalia. Travelers could continue to St. Louis through Bond county, Madison county, and St. Clair county or to Alton through Bond county and Madison county.

Clark County

This map of Clark county from 1875 shows The Vandalia Terre Haute Railroad already in use that roughly parallels the National Road.

Livingston

Not served by the railroad, but a small inhabited area just west of Big Creek.

Marshall


Town.

Auburn


Town.

Martinsville


Town.

Cumberland


Town.

Cumberland County


This map of Cumberland county from 1875 shows the Vandalia Terre Haute Railroad already in use that parallels the National Road.

Casey

Town.

Greenup

Town.

Jewett

Town.

Effingham County



This map of Effingham county from 1875 shows the Vandalia Terre Haute Railroad already in use that parallels the National Road.

Teutopolis

Town.

Effingham

Town.

Ewington

Town.

Freemantown

Town.

Altamont

Town.

Funkhousen


Town.


Fayette County


This map of Fayette county from 1875 shows the Vandalia Terre Haute Railroad already in use that parallels the National Road.

St. Elmo

Town.

Howards Point

Town.

Avena

Town.

Bluff City

Town.

Vandalia

Actual terminus of historic National Road

Hagarstown

Town.


Lutz Spur

Bond County


This map of Bond county from 1875 shows the Vandalia Terre Haute Railroad already in use that parallels the National Road.

Mulberry Grove

Town.


Henderson

Town.


Greenville

Likely point where the routes diverge, with one heading due west toward Alton and the other southwest toward St. Louis.


Stubblefield

Town.


Pocahontas

Town.

West to Alton:

New Berlin

Town.

Old Ripley

Town.

Madison County


This map of Madison county from 1875 shows the Vandalia Terre Haute Railroad already in use that parallels the National Road.
Southwest to St. Louis:

Highland

Town.


St. Jacob

Town.


Troy

Town.


Confidence

Town.


Collinsville

Town.
West to Alton:

Alhambra

Town.

Greencastle

Town.

Hamburg

Town.

Bethalto

Town.

Alton

Town.

St. Calir County



This map of St. Clair county from 1875 shows the Vandalia Terre Haute Railroad already in use that parallels the National Road.

Caseyville

Town.


East St. Louis

Town.


Next post—through Missouri

The Indiana leg from Richmond to Terre Haute IN


This post is a stub entry, which is constantly being added to with raw research data. If a reader has further information or websites that may provide something, please leave a comment.


Several parts of my forebears resettled from eastern states to Kansas from about 1870 to 1885. One of them, the Robert Ohnsat family, produced a family anecdote that their journey was by "Conestoga wagon" in 1877. This post follows the likely journey westward through Indiana.

Previous post

Indiana

 .

Wayne County





Richmond
East Haven
Centerville
Pinhook
Hiser
Penville
East Germantown
Cambridge City




Dublin

Henry County




Straughn
Lewisville
Dunreith
Ogden
Raysville
Knightstown

Hancock County




Charlottesville
Cleveland
Westland
Riley
Greenfield
Philadelphia
Gem

Marion County




Cumberland
Washington Place
Irvington
Indianapolis



Mt. Jackson
Sunnyside
Lynnhurst
Ben Davis
Sterling Heights
Bridgeport

Hendricks County

http://books.google.com/books?id=qUbWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA613&lpg=PA613&dq=%22Newlin's+Boarding+House%22+Plainfield&source=bl&ots=MKLRQBBJeL&sig=Rz7q8oBmNDn1LzgthQDOyl6DKCU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TWL7T-f4E6Tj0QHuiYDNBg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Newlin's%20Boarding%20House%22%20Plainfield&f=false
Plainfield


Cartersburg
Belleville
Stilesville


Hendricks County history published in 1976, page 127: "Early-day Plainfield had a number of famed inns and hotels serving the National Road, including Fisher's Tavern, Jesse Hockett's hotel, Mrs. Newlin's Boarding House and the Mansion House, founded in 1876.  Isaac Holten operated the Mansion House from 1886 until 1893.  Another hotel, the Worth House, was owned and operated by Ben and Sadie Worth on a site later occupied by the Grimes Hotel."  Page 135 shows a photo of the Stilesville Hotel (also on the National Road west of Plainfield) with several paragraphs of text on it.  Book is for sale from the Hendricks County Museum http://www.hendrickscountyhistoricalmuseum.org/home/our-gift-shop  
The Danville Library http://www.dplindiana.org/genealogyprograms.html and Plainfield Library   http://www.plainfieldlibrary.net/hendricksindiana.html  have very good local history collections.

Putnam County




Mt. Meridian
Westland
Danville
Putnamville
Manhattan
Raab Crossroads
Pleasant Garden
Shady Lane

Clay County


Harmony
Knightsville
Donaldsonville
Greencastle
Cloverdale
Brazil

  • The McKinley Inn (1834)? was located east of Brazil, Ind., near the current town of Harmony, on the Rational Road. Presidents Lincoln, Van Buren, and Buchanan lodged there as well as Henry Clay. 
  • A historical Clay Co. map: "Nine taverns or inns lined the National Road through Clay County [Ind.] in the 1830s-1860s. Located at 1/2 mile intervals, they offered shelter and food for thousands of settlers pushing west. From east to west they were: James Townsend--Eaglesfield, Preston Morgan--Croy Creek, Mckinnley Inn--Harmony, Hull-Wishard--Brazil, Phillip Hedge's, William Kennedy--Kennedy's Crossing, Scranton-Sullivan--Billtown, La Master Inn, and George Carpenter--Cloverland." The punctuation on the map makes this a bit confusing. 
Bee Ridge
Williamstown / Billtown
Overland / Cloverland

 


Vigo County

Seelyville
East Glenn
Terre Haute
West Terre Haute / Macksville
Toadhop
Ligett

Next post

The Ohio leg from Wheeling WV to Richmond IN


This post is a stub entry, which is constantly being added to with raw research data. If a reader has further information or websites that may provide something, please leave a comment.

Previous post

West Virginia

Wheeling

Ohio


Ohio Historical Society Foundation
1982 Velma Avenue
Columbus, OH  43211-2453

Belmont County, Ohio

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ohbelogs/ * Hutton Memorial Library  * 308 E. Main Street  * PO Box 434 * Barnesville, OH 43713  * 740-425-1651
http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2011-12-05/travel/vs-travel-national-road-ohio-20111205_1_national-road-ohio-historical-society-belmont-county
http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/belmont-county/ Important cross-listing of other museums and research sites
Belmont County Museum * (740) 425-2926 * 532 N Chestnut St, Barnesville, OH 43713

Brookside

 (description of town: http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=16416)

Lansing
Blaine

Blaine Hill Viaduct http://bridgestunnels.com/bridges/ohio/blaine-hill-viaduct-us-40/
http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=837
Brewster Historical Society * OH  44613 * (330)-7670045
http://www.buffalonews.com/life/travel/one-tank-trips/article717237.ece

St. Clairsville

Brick tavern http://www.buffalonews.com/life/travel/one-tank-trips/article717237.ece

Lafferty


Guernsey County

Guernsey County offers a pamphlet describing its 25-stop National Road/U. S. 40 driving tour. Contact the Cambridge/ Guernsey County Visitors& Convention Bureau by phone at  (800) 933-5480) or online at www.visitguernseycounty.com .
http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/Guernsey-county/

Cambridge

Hopalong Cassidy Museum * (740) 432-3364   * 127 S 10th St, Cambridge, OH 43725 * hcherry.com
National Cambridge Collectors * (740) 432-4245 * 136 S 9th St, Cambridge, OH 43725 * cambridgeglass.org
Guernsey County Museum * 218 N 8th St, Cambridge, OH * (740) 439-5884 * www.visitguernseycounty.com
Salt Fork Bridge http://www.buffalonews.com/life/travel/one-tank-trips/article717237.ece
Elizabethtown: Creighton House http://www.buffalonews.com/life/travel/one-tank-trips/article717237.ece

Muskingham County


New Concord

http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=17
http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=711

Norwich

http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=9882
http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2011-12-05/travel/vs-travel-national-road-ohio-20111205_1_national-road-ohio-historical-society-belmont-county
National Road-Zane Grey Museum *  (740) 872-3143 * 8850 East Pike, Norwich, OH 43767

Zanesville

Pioneer & Historical Society * 115 Jefferson St, Zanesville, OH * (740) 454-9500      |www.muskingumhistory.org
Dr Increase Mathews House * 304 Woodlawn Ave, Zanesville, OH *  (740) 454-9500  * www.muskingumhistory.org

Licking County

http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/licking-county/

NOTE: Use http://local.search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A2KJjaklNMRPGlsAb.TumYlQ?p=Museums+Galleries&addr=Newark%2C+oh&fr2=sb-top&section=map&type_param= to search for museums in each town.

Hopewell
Gratiot
Brownsville
Linville
Ansterdan\m
Jacksontown
Atherton
Hebron
Newark

Sherwood Davidson Msm-Hist Soc * S 4th St, Newark, OH * (740) 345-6525 * www.lchsohio.org
Licking County Historical * 6 N 6th St, Newark, OH * (740) 345-4898 * www.lchsohio.org

Luray
Kirkersville
Etna
Wagram


Franklin County

http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/Franklin-county/

Reynoldsburg

http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=910

Doneys
Bexley
Columbus

http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=776&fileId=3842

Valleyview
New Rome
Alton


Madison County

http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/Madison-county/

West Jefferson
Lafayette
London
Summerford

Clark County

http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/Clark-county/

Brighton
South Vienna
Harmony
Garden Acres
Springfield 

(Proprietors, dates, addresses from contemporary city directories.)
Lagonda House, operated by Sweny and Pitts from 1873 to 1876, by N.T. Judd 1877 to 1881, address northwest corner of High and Limestone.
Image,.1875
Photograph, (before 1895?)
Dinner menu, Sunday October 8, 1882
Thanksgiving menu, 1883
News story of the burning
Murphy House, operated by J Murphy 1873-1874, address 120 E. Washington.
United States Hotel, and later Spangenburger House, operated by N. Spangenburger 1873-1884, address 179 East Main (175 East Main in 1994).
European Hotel, operated 1877 to 1884, address 36-38 East Main.
Murray House, operated 1873 to 1876 by W.H. Kauffman, address northwest corner of Main and Limestone.
Image,.1875
Western House, operated by R Flowers 1873 to 1876, by M Edighoffer 1877 to 1884, address 81-83 West Main.
American House, operated by J.M. Clark & Sons1877 to 1884, address 86-88 West Main.
Edighoffer House, operated 1883-1884, no prioprietor given, address 185 West Main.
St. James Hotel, operated by C.E. Stuart 1877 to 1884, address northeaast corner Main and Limestone.
American House, operated  by John S. Collis, active as a hotel 1873 to 1878, address 86-90 West Madison.
Union House, operated 1877 by D.A. Coe, address 71-73 South Market.
Arcade Hotel, operated 1883 to 1884, no proprietor or address given.
Pennsylvania House, built 1839, active as a tavern and inn about 1839 to 1865, address 1311 West Main (modern).

Snyders Hill
Rockway
Donnelsvillle
Forgy


Miami County

http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/Miami-county/

Brandt
Phoneton


Montgomery County

http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/Montgomery-county/

Taylorsville

Vandalia

. Museum. .emailed 2012.05.09
http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=6889

Dayton

Englewood

 Museum.emailed 2012.05.09

Swanktown


Preble County

http://www.genealogyinc.com/ohio/Preble-county/

Arlington
Bachman
Lewisburg
Gettysburg
Orangeburg
Cedar Springs

Eaton. Preble County Museum. .emailed 2012.05.09

Indiana

Richomnd

Next post